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Biology Oct 2020Coconut oil, rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), in particular, lauric acid (LA), is known to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Although LA is the most...
Coconut oil, rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), in particular, lauric acid (LA), is known to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Although LA is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in coconut oil, the specific role of LA in altering obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of supplementing a high fat (HF) diet with purified LA on obesity-associated metabolic derangements in comparison with palmitic acid (PA), a long-chain saturated fatty acid. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control chow diet (CD) or an HF diet supplemented with 3% LA (HF + LA) or PA (HF + PA) for 12 wk. Markers of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, systemic insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic steatosis, were assessed. The body weight and total fat mass were significantly higher in both HF + LA and HF + PA diet-fed groups compared to CD controls. However, the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was significantly higher ( < 0.001) in HF + LA-fed mice compared to both CD as well as HF + PA-fed mice. Interestingly, markers of AT inflammation were promoted to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed mice compared to HF + PA-fed mice. Thus, immunohistochemical analysis of VAT showed an increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 staining in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice compared to CD controls. Further, the mRNA levels of macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly higher in HF + PA-fed mice ( < 0.001) whereas these markers were increased to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed group. Of note, the insulin tolerance test revealed that IR was significantly increased only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed group compared to CD controls. While liver triglycerides were increased significantly in both HF + PA and HF + LA-fed mice, liver weight and plasma markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that although both LA and PA increased AT inflammation, systemic IR, and liver injury, the extent of metabolic derangements caused by LA was less compared to PA in the setting of high fat feeding.
PubMed: 33105887
DOI: 10.3390/biology9110346 -
ACS Omega May 2022Thermal properties, stability, and reliability of lauric acid-based binary eutectic mixtures for building energy efficiency were studied. The eutectic points and phase...
Thermal properties, stability, and reliability of lauric acid-based binary eutectic mixtures for building energy efficiency were studied. The eutectic points and phase change performance of these binary PCMs were obtained as follows: (1) For lauric acid-myristic acid, the mass eutectic point is 70 wt % LA/30 wt % MA. (2) For lauric acid-palmitic acid, the eutectic point is 79 wt % LA/21 wt % PA. (3) For lauric acid-stearic acid, the eutectic point is 82 wt % LA/18 wt % SA. The eutectic PCMs have a melting enthalpy of 166.18, 183.07, and 189.50 J·g and a melting temperature of 35.10, 37.15, and 39.29 °C for lauric-myristic acid, lauric-palmitic acid, and lauric-stearic acid binary eutectic PCMs, respectively. The experimental results are very close to the theoretical results. Moreover, from FT-IR and XRD investigations, we realized that during the preparation of the lauric acid-based binary eutectic fatty acids, no new functional groups were produced. Besides, the TG illustrated that the LA-MA eutectic PCMs, LA-PA eutectic PCMs, and LA-SA eutectic PCMs exhibit excellent thermal stability below 126.51, 135.7, and 110.08 °C, respectively. Finally, lauric acid-based binary eutectic PCMs still show excellent thermal properties and chemical structure after 500 hot and cold cycles. All in all, as a novel material for building energy conservation, lauric acid-based binary eutectic PCMs have broad prospects and good practicability.
PubMed: 35571813
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01420 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2021Red palm olein (RPOl) is one of the derivatives of palm oil. It contains a high composition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic, whereas palm kernel...
Red palm olein (RPOl) is one of the derivatives of palm oil. It contains a high composition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic, whereas palm kernel oil (PKO) contains more saturated fatty acids of lauric acid. RPOl provides high nutrient contents such as squalene, Vitamin E, and carotene, whereas PKO that is rich in lauric acid can fight Gram-positive microorganisms. This research aims to study the chemical characteristics of RPOl, PKO, and the combination. A combination of RPOl with four different concentrations of PKO (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%) was analyzed to obtain the composition of fatty acids, squalene content, Vitamin E levels, total carotene, and saponification numbers. RPOL contains high levels of squalene, Vitamin E, and total carotene, followed by RPOl and PKO combination of oil, with a higher percentage of RPOl in its composition. The increase of the PKO level added to the combination will decrease the saponification number and increasing the acid number. Therefore, it can be concluded that RPOl could be the source of squalene, Vitamin E, carotenoids, and oleic acid, whereas PKO is the largest source of lauric acid.
PubMed: 33532350
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_91_20 -
Poultry Science Sep 2021Antibiotic overuse in poultry husbandry poses a potential threat to meat safety and human health. Lauric acid (LA) is a primary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a...
Antibiotic overuse in poultry husbandry poses a potential threat to meat safety and human health. Lauric acid (LA) is a primary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a strong antibacterial capacity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of LA on the growth performance, immune responses, serum metabolism, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: CON, fed a basal diet; ANT, a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg antibiotic; LA, a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg LA; LA, a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg LA. The feeding period was 42 d. The results showed that LA significantly improved broiler growth and immune functions, as evidenced by increased body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier, upregulated immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY), and downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) (P < 0.05). HPLC/MS-based metabolome analysis revealed that the serum metabolites in the LA group differed from those of CON and ANT groups. LA markedly decreased the abundance of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and inhibited the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, indicating its capacity to modulate lipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that LA significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by reducing Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Bacteroides, and increasing Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that changes in metabolism and microbiota were highly correlated with the growth and immune indices; strong links were also found between lipid metabolism and microbial composition. Taken together, LA promotes broiler growth and immune functions by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The above findings highlight the substantial potential of LA as a supplement in poultry diets and provide a new strategy to reduce antibiotic usage and improve food safety.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lauric Acids; Male; Metabolome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34280650
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101315 -
ACS Omega Sep 2021A phase change material (PCM) has the characteristics of latent heat storage, controllable phase transition temperature (PTT), and chemical stability. It can naturally...
A phase change material (PCM) has the characteristics of latent heat storage, controllable phase transition temperature (PTT), and chemical stability. It can naturally regulate the ambient temperature in a certain range and reduce the load of air conditioning operation. Therefore, it plays an important role in the field of energy-saving buildings, and the PTT of PCM is one of the decisive factors. In this paper, through analyzing PCM installed in solar buildings at various regions, a binary eutectic mixture (EM) was prepared from lauric acid (LA) and octadecanol (OD) by the method of mixed melting, and the PTT and enthalpy of the EM were 39.87 °C and 186.94 J/g, respectively. The PTT, latent heat, and EM ratio were determined by theoretical calculation, the step cooling curve, and DSC. FT-IR result shows that no chemical reaction occurs among the components of composites, and the molecular forces are uniform and stable. XRD results further proves that no other phases existed in the composites. Thermal cycles (500) and the TG test show that the EM has excellent thermal stability and heat resistance, which meets the engineering application. Due to the thermodynamic properties of the EM, it can be used in thermal cooling of electronic systems, building envelopes, and thermal storage in solar buildings to obtain a good energy-saving effect.
PubMed: 34549150
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03626 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Rice sheath blight, caused by , is one of the major rice diseases. In order to better understand the inhibitory mechanism of lauric acid on the disease, RNA sequencing...
Lauric Acid Induces Apoptosis of Rice Sheath Blight Disease Caused by by Affecting Fungal Fatty Acid Metabolism and Destroying the Dynamic Equilibrium of Reactive Oxygen Species.
Rice sheath blight, caused by , is one of the major rice diseases. In order to better understand the inhibitory mechanism of lauric acid on the disease, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the transcriptome changes in treated with lauric acid for 3 h, 6 h, 18 h, and 24 h, including 2306 genes; 1994 genes; 2778 genes; and 2872 genes. Based on gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, we found that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (KO04141), carbon metabolism (KO01200), and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched. Most oxidoreductase, dehydrogenase, reductase, and transferase genes are downregulated in this process. Lauric acid can affect ergosterol content, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, hydrogen peroxide content, electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species balance, and can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Lauric acid also increased the expression levels of ER chaperone glucose regulatory protein Grp78 (BIP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and Calpain (CNX), and decreased the expression levels of , , and genes. Lauric acid affected the ergosterol content in the cell membrane of , which induces ER stress and increases the BiP level to induce the apoptosis of . These results indicated that lauric acid could be used to control rice sheath blight.
PubMed: 35205907
DOI: 10.3390/jof8020153 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024(1) Background: This study determined whether adding butyric acid and lauric acid glycerides in nursing pigs' feed would improve growth performance, proteinogram,...
(1) Background: This study determined whether adding butyric acid and lauric acid glycerides in nursing pigs' feed would improve growth performance, proteinogram, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status. (2) Methods: Ninety male pigs were divided into five groups with six repetitions per group: NC, negative control (no additive); TRI-BUT, addition of tributyrin in the basal ration; MDT-BUT, addition of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of butyric acid in the basal feed; MDT-LAU, the addition of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of lauric acid in the basal feed; and PC, positive control (addition of gentamicin in the basal feed). (3) Results: PC, TRI-BUT, and MDT-LAU resulted in a high average daily WG from days 1 to 39 ( < 0.01). MDT-LAU, MDT-BUT, and PC resulted in a greater feed:gain from days 1 to 39 than the NC ( = 0.03). Great concentrations of the gamma globulin fraction in all groups were observed than in the NC ( = 0.01). Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were lower in all groups than in the NC ( < 0.05). Higher serum glutathione S-transferase activity was observed in the TRI-BUT and MDT-BUT than in the PC ( = 0.04). (4) Conclusions: The addition of butyric acid and lauric acid glycerides in the diet of pigs in the nursery phase can replace growth promoters since the products improve the growth performance, reduce acute-phase proteins, and increase gamma globulin concentrations.
PubMed: 38672322
DOI: 10.3390/ani14081174 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Dec 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to pool findings of cohort studies that investigated hazards of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to pool findings of cohort studies that investigated hazards of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to intakes of SFAs. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to June 2021 to find eligible studies. Review articles or commentaries, clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, studies on gestational or type 1 diabetes patients, animal studies, articles with no access to full-texts, articles published in non-English languages, and articles with missing critical data needed for the systematic review were excluded from the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to combine study-specific results. Thirteen cohort studies with 361,686 participants and 11,865 T2DM events were included. Dietary total SFA intake, as well as dietary palmitic acid (PA) or stearic acid (SA) were not associated with risk of T2DM when the highest was compared with the lowest intake category (HR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.09; n = 13 for total SFAs; HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.15; n = 4 for PA; and HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.49; n = 4 for SA). However, the risk of T2DM decreased by 11% in the highest compared with the lowest category of dietary lauric acid (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97; n = 2), and by 17% in the highest compared with lowest category of dietary myristic acid (MA) (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.92; n = 3). There was evidence of publication bias among studies on dietary total SFAs and T2DM. Our results indicated no significant association between dietary total SFA and risk of T2DM. However, dietary intake of MA was negatively associated with developing T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Fatty Acids; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36056919
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac071 -
Acta Tropica May 2022Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been indicated for the control of parasites and intermediate hosts, as well as applications in several sectors of nanomedicine....
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been indicated for the control of parasites and intermediate hosts, as well as applications in several sectors of nanomedicine. However, knowledge regarding its toxicity, mechanisms of action and the role of functionalization in gastropods that act as intermediate hosts of neglected disease parasites is still scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of lauric acid bilayer-functionalized IONPs (LA-IONPs), lauric acid isolated (LA) and iron ions in embryos and newly-hatched Biomphalaria glabrata. The snails were exposed to different concentrations of IONPs, LA and iron ions (1.0-97.65 mg L) during 144 h (embryos) and 96 h (newly-hatched) and multiple parameters were analyzed, such as mortality, hatching rate, developmental delay, and morphological changes. The results showed that both iron forms (LA-IONPs and iron ions) and LA promoted mortality, hatching inhibition and morphological changes in snail embryos in a concentration-dependent patterns. Embryos also showed iron bioaccumulation after exposure to both iron forms. High toxicity was observed in newly-hatched snails compared to embryos, indicating the protective role of ovigerous masses during the early developmental stages. LA induced high developmental toxicity compared to LA-IONPs and iron ions. Results showed the molluscicide activity of LA-IONPs and isolated LA, indicating their potential use as molluscicide in the snail control program.
Topics: Animals; Biomphalaria; Fresh Water; Lauric Acids; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles; Snails
PubMed: 35150640
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106362 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021We evaluated the effects of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on broiler carcass composition, cut yield, and breast meat quality. Broilers were fed for 42 days...
We evaluated the effects of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on broiler carcass composition, cut yield, and breast meat quality. Broilers were fed for 42 days with up to 20% dietary inclusion of BSFL (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). On day 42, 120 broilers were slaughtered, and images were taken using computed tomography. Breasts, drumsticks, and thighs were collected for cut yield determination. The pH, color, lipid oxidation, cooking loss, shear force, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile of the breast meat were assessed. There was no dietary effect on carcass composition or meat quality parameters except for fatty and amino acids compositions. When 20% BSFL was included in the diet, individual fatty and amino acids, such as lauric and myristic acids, aspartic acid, glutamine, and lysine, increased by 22.0-, 5.50-, 1.08-, 1.06-, and 1.06-fold, respectively ( < 0.05). Although total polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, eicosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA) increased by 78% in the 20% BSFL inclusion group. In conclusion, up to 20%, dietary full-fat BSFL did not affect key meat characteristics but positively increased the levels of the health-claimable omega-3 fatty acid EPA.
PubMed: 33540634
DOI: 10.3390/foods10020297